ABSTRACT
Resumen: La visión antropocéntrica del ser humano ha llevado a la explotación de animales para satisfacer sus necesidades, tanto primarias (como la alimentación) como secundarias (como el entretenimiento), sin preocuparse por su sufrimiento o bienestar. Sin embargo, las teorías de la evolución de Lamarck y Darwin borraron la dicotomía humano-animal y colocaron al primero como una especie más dentro de toda la diversidad biológica. Hans Jonas afirmó que las diferencias entre los humanos y los otros animales estaban en el grado de complejidad y no en las capacidades, contribuyendo a la idea de una continuidad biológica desde un origen común. La similitud anatomofisiológica, la presencia de mediadores químicos de dolor, los cambios bioquímicos y fisiológicos ante situaciones dolorosas, además de la respuesta favorable al uso de medicamentos analgésicos, demuestran que los demás animales sienten dolor y padecen sufrimiento. La Declaración de Cambridge sobre la consciencia destaca que no es necesario poseer neocórtex para ser considerado como sintiente, lo que ha llevado a analizar esta capacidad, inclusive, en muchos invertebrados. ¿Los animales sienten? Invariablemente la respuesta es sí. Es importante tener consideración de ello para evitar su sufrimiento, tal y como se propone en la teoría sensocéntrica de Peter Singer, en caso contrario, podríamos ser señalados de discriminación, que, por estar asociada a la pertenencia a una especie biológica, se denomina especismo.
Abstract: The anthropocentric view of life has led to the exploitation of animals to satisfy the human needs, primary (such as food) and secondary (such as entertainment), without regard for their suffering or well-being. However, Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution erased the dichotomy between human and animal, placing the former as just another species within the entire biological diversity of life. Hans Jonas asserted that the differences between humans and other animals lie in the degree of complexity and not in capabilities, contributing to the idea of biological continuity from a common origin. The anatomic and physiological similarities, the presence of chemical pain mediators, the biochemical and physiological changes in painful situations, as well as the positive response to the use of analgesic medications, demonstrate that other animals feel pain and suffer. The Cambridge Declaration on consciousness emphasizes that it is not necessary to possess a neocortex to be considered sentient, which has led to the analysis of this capacity even in many invertebrates. Do animals feel? Invariably the answer is yes. It is important to consider this to avoid their suffering, as proposed in Peter Singer's sensocentrism theory. Otherwise, we could be accused of discrimination, which, based on species membership, is called speciesism.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: In veterinary medicine, impressive technological advances in biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology have led to a reduction in the amount of time spent teaching anatomy and a shift toward anatomical research. As classically trained veterinary anatomists began to retire at the beginning of the 2000s, it became evident that there would be a shortage of qualified anatomists. This coincides with the increase in the hiring of recent graduates with general education experience and no specialization in the area. The aim of the study is to characterize the Chilean veterinary anatomy educator with an emphasis on their training and the academic environment they work in. Data were collected through a survey targeting a diverse population of university educators who teach content related to veterinary anatomy in Chile. The results showed that the Chilean veterinary anatomist has reached the master's level, with a wide range of continuous training experiences, from which it is perceived that he has acquired his anatomical and teaching skills. Furthermore, despite his self-perception as an educator/researcher, the evidence showed that research in veterinary anatomy is still in its infancy. However, strengths were identified related to the varied use of teaching resources, participation in the community and the dissemination of anatomical knowledge.
En medicina veterinaria, los impresionantes avances tecnológicos en bioquímica, genética y biología molecular han llevado a una reducción en la cantidad de tiempo dedicado a la enseñanza de la anatomía y un cambio hacia la investigación anatómica. Cuando los anatomistas veterinarios de formación clásica comenzaron a jubilarse a principios de la década de 2000, se hizo evidente que habría escasez de anatomistas cualificados. Esto coincide con el incremento en la contratación de recién egresados con experiencia en educación general y sin especialización en el área (licenciados, tesistas, etc.). El objetivo del estudio es caracterizar al educador de anatomía veterinaria chileno con énfasis en su formación y el ambiente académico en el que se desempeña. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de una encuesta dirigida a una población diversa de docentes universitarios que imparten contenidos relacionados con la anatomía veterinaria en Chile. Los resultados muestran que el anatomista veterinario chileno ha alcanzado el nivel de maestría, con una amplia gama de experiencias de formación continua, a partir de las cuales se infiere que ha adquirido sus competencias anatómicas y docentes. A pesar de su autopercepción como educador/investigador, la evidencia demostró que la investigación en anatomía veterinaria aún se encuentra en ciernes. No obstante, se identificaron fortalezas en actividades relacionadas con el uso variado de recursos didácticos, la participación en la comunidad y la difusión del conociminto.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Faculty , Anatomy, Veterinary , Chile , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad zoonótica cuyo contagio se produce por vía oral por ingestión de quistes al consumir carne contaminada o al tener contacto con heces de felinos contaminadas con ooquistes. Con menor frecuencia, se adquiere por transmisión vertical o por trasplante de órganos infectados. En Chile, existen estudios serológicos en personas sanas e inmunodeprimidas, pero no en grupos de riesgo ocupacional, como son los estudiantes de Medicina Veterinaria. OBJETIVO: Determinar la seroprevalencia para T. gondii en estudiantes de Medicina Veterinaria de una universidad ubicada en el centro-sur del país, y ver su asociación con variable intrínsecas. MÉTODOS. Se tomaron muestras de sangre a 74 estudiantes de una universidad del centro-sur de Chile. Se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos específicos clase IgG contra Toxoplasma gondii mediante la técnica de inmunoanálisis por quimioluminiscencia en fase solida secuencial. RESULTADOS. Del total de alumnos, 16 fueron seropositivos lo que equivale a 21,6%, el mayor número de estudiantes seropositivos fue de sexo femenino (75%), se encontraban en el rango etario entre 24 y 26 años de edad (43,7%), todos consumían carne y verduras (100%) y realizaban la recolección de heces de gatos sin protección 50 (68,7%). CONCLUSIONES. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la presencia de anticuerpos contra T. gondii en alumnos de Medicina Veterinaria. Según el conocimiento de los autores, es el primer estudio serológico para toxoplasmosis realizado en estudiantes universitarios de Medicina Veterinaria en Chile.
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis is a disease that results from infection with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, one of the world's most common parasites. The zoonotic infection usually occurs by eating undercooked contaminated meat or by contact with contaminated cat feces. A few studies of toxoplasmosis in healthy and immuno-compromised persons were done in Chile, but investigations related to occupational risk groups, such as Veterinary Medicine students were not studied. AIM: Determine the seroprevalence for T. gondii in Veterinary Medicine students at a university located in the center-south of the country, and evaluated to association with intrinsic variables. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were taken from 74 veterinary students from a university in south-central Chile. Immunoassay with sequential chemiluminescent was used as diagnostic technique. RESULTS. Of the total number of students, 16 were seropositive, which is equivalent to 21.6%, the largest number of seropositive students was female (75%), they were in the age range between 24 and 26 years of age (43.7%), all consumed meat and vegetables (100%) and collected pet cat feces without protection 50 (68,7%). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in Veterinary Medicine students. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first serological study for toxoplasmosis performed in university students of Veterinary Medicine in Chile.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology , Students , Occupational Risks , Antibodies, Protozoan , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Animal shelters are places with a high risk of exposure to infectious diseases due to the high density, population dynamics of the shelter, and the stress to which dogs and cats are subjected. The immunization process through vaccines is an essential component in the prevention and health and welfare management program for these animals. This review aims to evaluate the guidelines on vaccination of dogs and cats in shelter environments, highlighting points of comparison with the Brazilian reality.(AU)
Os abrigos de animais são locais com um alto risco de exposição às doenças infecciosas devido à alta densidade, à dinâmica populacional do abrigo e ao estresse a que os cães e gatos estão submetidos. O processo de imunização por meio das vacinas é um componente essencial no programa de prevenção e gestão de saúde e bem-estar para esses animais. Esta revisão tem como objetivo revisar as diretrizes sobre a vacinação de cães e gatos em ambientes de abrigos, ressaltando pontos de comparação com a realidade brasileira.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Vaccines/administration & dosage , Immunization/veterinary , Vaccination/veterinary , Disease Prevention , Housing, AnimalABSTRACT
Animal abuse is a criminal offense in Brazil and can be dealt with by several government agencies, including municipal ones. Cases of animal abuse reported to the Department of Health Surveillance, of the Municipal Health Secretariat of Campo Magro, Paraná, Brazil, between March of 2019 and December of 2020 were analyzed to assess the most common forms of abuse and animals involved. A total of 140 complaints were received in this period; 132 were investigated, of which 81 were considered authentic. The most common form of abuse was neglect 64.2% (52/81). Cases of neglect were further classified into four types (although cases may be classified with more than one type), resulting in 106 classifications of neglect. Behavioral neglect was the most common form of neglect 33.9% (36/106). As more than one animal could be involved in each report, the 81 authentic cases involved a total of 471 animals. Dogs were the species most commonly affected 78.5% (370/471). The vast majority of animal abuse was perpetrated against adult animals. Statistically significant correlations were found between the sex and age of dogs and abuse and between species and the different forms of abuse for dogs and cats.(AU)
Os maus-tratos aos animais são considerados crime no Brasil e o atendimento desse tipo de ocorrência pode ser realizado por diferentes órgãos governamentais, incluindo os municipais. O presente trabalho analisa denúncias atendidas pelo Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Campo Magro, Paraná, Brasil, entre março de 2019 e dezembro de 2020 e avalia os tipos mais comuns de maus-tratos a animais e os animais envolvidos. Um total de 140 denúncias foram recebidas e 132 foram fiscalizadas, destas, 81 foram consideradas procedentes. A forma mais prevalente de maus-tratos foi a negligência com 64,2% (52/81). Os casos de negligência foram classificados em quatro diferentes tipos (cada caso pode ser classificado em mais de um tipo de negligência). O tipo mais frequente foi a negligência comportamental com 33,9% (36/106). Como mais de um animal podia estar envolvido em cada caso de maus-tratos, os 81 casos procedentes contabilizaram 471 animais envolvidos. A espécie canina foi a mais afetada, sendo 78,5% (370/471). A maior parte dos casos de maus-tratos foram cometidos contra animais adultos. Correlações estatísticas significativas foram encontradas entre o sexo e faixa etária dos cães em relação à ocorrência de maus-tratos e, também, entre a espécie e os diferentes tipos de maus-tratos para cães e gatos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Crime/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
RESUMEN El objetivo principal de este estudio fue caracterizar el nivel ético en estudiantes y docentes de la carrera de medicina veterinaria de la Universidad Santo Tomás, sede de Puerto Montt, Chile. Para esto, se aplicó una encuesta dilemática a 3 grupos de estudio conformados por estudiantes de primer y quinto año, además de docentes que imparten asignaturas de formación profesional de la sede Puerto Montt. La creación de la encuesta fue por medio de la contratación de especificaciones éticas de la carrera con los diles de juicio moral en Kohlberg. De los resultados obtenidos se pudo concluir que las especificaciones de la carrera de medicina veterinaria solo contemplan el 20% de 59 artículos estudiados del Código de Ética profesional. Además, es posible decir que los estudiantes de primero y quinto año, y los docentes no conocen a cabalidad los artículos del Código de Ética según la clasificación de la teoría de Kohlberg.
ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to characterize the ethical level in students and teachers of the veterinary medicine career of the Santo Tomás University, Puerto Montt headquarters, Chile. For this a dilemmatic survey was applied to 3 study groups, made up of students from the first and fifth years, in addition to teachers who teach professional training subjects at the Puerto Montt campus. The survey was created by contracting ethical specifications of the career with the moral judgment diles in Kohlberg. From the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the specifications of the veterinary medicine career only contemplate 20% of the 59 articles studied of the professional code of ethics. In addition, it was possible to say that the first and fifth year students, and teachers do not fully know the articles of the code of ethics according to the classification of Kohlberg's theory.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students , Veterinary Medicine , Codes of Ethics , Ethics, Professional , Professional Training , Faculty , Surveys and Questionnaires , MoralsABSTRACT
O Brasil passa atualmente por uma grave pandemia de uma doença viral emergente denominada Covid-19, a qual já levou ao óbito centenas de milhares de pessoas. Como medidas de controle da doença, vêm sendo implementadas ações de distanciamento social com o fechamento, total ou parcial, de diversas atividades econômicas não prioritárias. O setor veterinário se encontra entre os estabelecimentos não atingidos por essas medidas, devido à necessidade de atendimentos emergenciais para a saúde animal. O presente trabalho, de caráter observacional, seccional e descritivo, buscou descrever e avaliar o conhecimento dos médicos veterinários acerca da doença e seu potencial zoonótico, as medidas tomadas nos estabelecimentos veterinários visando prevenir a transmissão do vírus da Covid-19 para as pessoas e animais e as recomendações realizadas aos tutores de animais de companhia no município de Niterói. Os resultados indicaram que os médicos veterinários apresentaram dificuldade quanto ao reconhecimento da doença como uma zoonose, apesar de conhecerem os modos de transmissão e os animais afetados pela enfermidade, além disso, esses profissionais faziam recomendações aos tutores visando evitar a transmissão da doença. Os estabelecimentos veterinários pesquisados buscaram se adequar para o enfrentamento da epidemia, principalmente com medidas que não os impactassem do ponto de vista econômico.(AU)
Brazil is currently facing a severe pandemic caused by an emerging viral disease referred to as Covid-19, which has led to thousands of deaths. As a means to control the spread of the disease, total and partial social distancing initiatives have been implemented in several non-essential economic activities. Veterinary clinics and pet shops have not been affected by these measures due to the demand for emergency animal care. This work, as an observational, sectional and descriptive based effort, aimed at describing and evaluating the knowledge among veterinarians regarding the disease and its zoonotic potential, the measures adopted by the clinics to prevent Covid-19 transmission to people and animals, and the recommendations to pet tutors in the municipality of Niterói. According to the results, veterinarians presented difficulty in recognizing the disease as a zoonosis, despite being aware of its transmission methods and the animals it affected. These professionals also recommended certain actions to pet tutors to avoid the spread of the disease. The surveyed clinics sought to be prepared to face the epidemic, mainly through measures that would not cause them economic impact.(AU)
Brasil atraviesa actualmente una grave pandemia de una enfermedad viral emergente llamada Covid-19, que ya ha provocado la muerte de cientos de miles de personas. Como medidas de control de la enfermedad se han implementado acciones de distanciamiento social con el cierre, total o parcial, de varias actividades económicas no prioritarias. Entre los establecimientos no afectados por estas medidas se encuentran los del ramo veterinario, debido a la necesidad de cuidados urgentes a la salud animal. El presente trabajo, de carácter observacional, seccional y descriptivo, buscó describir y evaluar el conocimiento de los médicos veterinarios sobre la enfermedad y su potencial zoonótico, las medidas tomadas en los establecimientos veterinarios con el fin de prevenir la transmisión del virus de la Covid-19 a personas y animales, y las recomendaciones realizadas a los tutores de animales de compañía del municipio de Niterói. Los resultados mostraron que los veterinarios tenían dificultades para reconocer la enfermedad como una zoonosis, a pesar de conocer los modos de transmisión y los animales afectados por la enfermedad, además, los profesionales hacían recomendaciones a los tutores para evitar la transmisión de la enfermedad. Los establecimientos veterinarios investigados buscaron adaptarse para hacer frente a la epidemia, especialmente con medidas que no les afectaran mucho desde el punto de vista económico.(AU)
Subject(s)
Occupational Health , Veterinarians , Containment of Biohazards/methods , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , ZoonosesABSTRACT
Resumen Se desarrolló un estudio transversal en 130 ingresantes a la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral para describir las motivaciones para estudiar veterinaria y las percepciones sobre el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades profesionales y accidentes ocupacionales. El análisis estadístico incluyó χ2 y correlación de Spearman. La motivación por la medicina fue la más prevalente, registrándose un mayor interés por los bovinos, caninos, felinos y fauna silvestre. Los varones mostraron preferencia por los bovinos (P.= 0,005) y las mujeres por los caninos y felinos (P.˂ 0,001). La motivación por la actividad agropecuaria y los espacios abiertos no estuvieron significativamente asociadas (P.= 0,598). La primera estuvo relacionada con los bovinos (P.˂ 0,001), ovinos (P.= 0,003) y porcinos (P.= 0,050), mientras que los últimos sólo con la fauna silvestre (P.˂ 0,053). Las zoonosis más mencionadas fueron rabia, tuberculosis y brucelosis. Los estudiantes percibieron el riesgo de enfermedades como más alto en el trabajo con porcinos y bovinos, mientras que el de lesiones lo fue con equinos. Las respuestas "No sabe/no contesta" fueron frecuentes en el reconocimiento de algunas zoonosis y en las percepciones de riesgos de accidentes y enfermedades. Estos resultados reafirman la necesidad de un contacto precoz de los estudiantes de veterinaria con temas relacionados con la salud ocupacional.
Abstract A cross-sectional study was carried out in 130 freshmen at the School of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University to describe the motivations for studying veterinary medicine and their perceptions about the risk of suffering occupational diseases or occupational accidents. Statistical analysis included χ2 and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Motivations were high for medical sciences, bovines, canines, felines and wildlife. Males showed preference for bovines (P. = 0.005), while females preferred canines and felines (P.˂ 0.001). Interests in agricultural activity and open spaces were not significantly associated (P.= 0.598). The former was related to cattle (.˂ 0.001), sheep (P.= 0.003) and pigs (P.= 0.050), while the latter only to wildlife (P.˂ 0.053). The most mentioned zoonosis were rabies, tuberculosis and brucellosis. The perception of the risk of zoonotic diseases was higher in pigs and cattle, while that of lesions was higher in horses. The "Don't know / No response" answers were frequent in the recognition of some zoonoses and the perceptions of the risks of accidents and diseases. These results stress the need for early contact of veterinary students with issues related to occupational health.
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Resumen El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el conocimiento que tienen los universitarios sobre el manejo responsable de mascotas en sus hogares. Se realizó un estudio transversal a la población universitaria, cuyo tamaño muestral fue estimado en 369 personas, aunque se encuestaron a 393 estudiantes. El 99 % de los sujetos reporto tener mascotas, y el perro fue el animal más común dentro de los hogares. El método de desparasitación más comúnmente utilizado fue el de uso interno 59,6 %. Las mascotas son desparasitadas más comúnmente cada 3 meses. Se encontró que es más probable que los hombres en posesión de una mascota la lleven al veterinario con respecto a las mujeres y el 65,3 % de los encuestados reporta que sus mascotas duermen dentro del hogar. Este es el primer estudio en Costa Rica que muestra la forma en que los poseedores de mascotas conviven y cuidan de ellas. La mayoría de los sujetos no conoce el desparasitante que aplica en sus mascotas. Es necesario reforzar la educación en los propietarios para que conozcan más sobre los productos que utilizan en sus mascotas y quién los está recomendando, así como las implicaciones de una correcta higiene en ellas.
Abstract This study aims to analyze the knowledge by college students on the responsible management of pets at home. A cross-sectional study was conducted on the college population with an estimated sample of 369 persons, even though 393 were surveyed. Out of them, 99% reported to have a pet and the dog was the most common in their homes. The home de-worming was the most commonly used method (59.6%) to that end. Pets are de-wormed quarterly in most cases. It was found that men are more likely to bring the pet to the doctor as compared to women and 65.3% of the surveyed sample states that their pets sleep inside the house. This is the first studied conducted in Costa Rica showing how pet owners live with and care them. Most of the subjects do not know the de-worming drug being administered to their pets. There is a need to strengthen the education among pet owners so that they got to know more about the products being used in their pets, who recommends the product, and the implications of the correct hygiene.
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ABSTRACT: Transplants for cats with naturally occurring renal disease have been introduced into clinical practice, but canine renal transplantation represents a greater challenge because of the lack of a balanced immunosuppressive protocol, difficulty in selecting compatible canine kidney donors, and absence of transplantation monitoring protocols. This and other important factors will be discussed in this review to help improve short- and long-term outcomes for renal transplantation in dogs.
RESUMO: O transplante renal em gatos com doença renal naturalmente adquirida está cada vez mais sendo introduzido na prática clínica. O transplante renal em cães, por sua vez, representa um desafio maior devido a falta da definição de um protocolo imunossupressor equilibrado, dificuldade na seleção de doadores compatíveis e ausência de protocolos de monitoramento de transplantes. Esses e outros fatores serão abordados nesta revisão afim de melhorar os resultados, tanto a curto quanto a longo prazo do transplante renal em cães.
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The present study aimed to calculate the quality of life scores (Short Form-36) of veterinary students in Turkey and review their scores with regards to different socio-demographic characteristics. A total of 1211 students studying veterinary medicine in 26 different faculties in Turkey were selected by stratified sampling method and were asked questions concerning their consumption of and expenditures on foods of animal origin using the SF-36 questionnaire between October and December 2018. Significant differences were found between SF-36 components in terms of year level, gender, accommodation status, income level, and level of expenditures on foods and foods of animal origin (P<0.01). With the increase in the size of the budget set aside for animal products, the scores in the domains of physical functioning, vitality, mental health, pain, and general health perception also enhanced, and statistically significant differences were found (P<0.01). The low quality of life scores of the veterinary students can be improved by increasing their income level and consumption of foods of animal origin. This will ensure that they are energetic and have the desired level of mental and general health perceptions.(AU)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo calcular os escores de qualidade de vida (SF-36) de estudantes de veterinária na Turquia e revisar seus escores no que diz respeito a diferentes características sociodemográficas. Um total de 1211 estudantes de medicina veterinária em 26 faculdades diferentes na Turquia foram selecionados pelo método de amostragem estratificada e foram questionadas sobre o consumo e as despesas com alimentos de origem animal usando o questionário SF-36 entre outubro e dezembro de 2018. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre os participantes do SF-36 em termos de nível do ano, gênero, status de acomodação, nível de renda e nível de gastos com alimentos e alimentos de origem animal (P <0,01). Com o aumento do orçamento reservado para produtos de origem animal, as pontuações nos domínios de funcionamento físico, vitalidade, saúde mental, dor e percepção geral de saúde também aumentaram e foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P <0,01). Os baixos índices de qualidade de vida dos veterinários podem ser melhorados, aumentando o nível de renda e o consumo de alimentos de origem animal. Isso garantirá mais energia e que tenham o nível desejado de percepção mental e geral de saúde.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Life , Students, Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Cost Control/statistics & numerical data , Foods of Animal Origin , Income , Schools, Veterinary/statistics & numerical data , TurkeyABSTRACT
Resumen El propósito del presente trabajo es socializar el impacto del Programa de Tutorías en la trayectoria educativa de los ingresantes a la carrera de medicina veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral. El Programa de tutorías data del año 2010 cuando mediante el plan de mejoramiento de la carrera se instaura la necesidad de iniciar una labor de acompañamiento dirigida a los estudiantes ingresantes. Dicho programa se lleva a cabo mediante la labor profesional realizada desde la cátedra de Introducción a la Veterinaria, el Director de carrera y el Servicio de Orientación Educativa (S.O.E) de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias siendo los co-responsables de dicha ejecución. El desafío constante del programa es responder a la construcción continua de alternativas que permitan a los estudiantes apropiarse de las habilidades necesarias para alcanzar el éxito académico. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados se observa que el Programa de Tutorías es recomendado por el 98% de los tutorados, debido a que el mismo es favorecedor de los procesos de afiliación universitaria. La novedad del programa es que se lleva a cabo por estudiantes avanzados, quienes luego de un proceso de selección y capacitación realizan la tarea orientativa.
Abstract The purpose of this work is to socialize the impact of the Mentoring Program in the educational path of the entrants to the veterinary medicine career at the National University of the Coast. The Mentoring Program dates back to 2010 when, through the career improvement plan, the need to start an accompaniment work aimed at incoming students was established. This program is carried out through the professional work carried out by the Chair of Introduction to Veterinary Medicine, the Career Director and the Educational Guidance Service (S.O.E) of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, being the co-responsible for said execution. The constant challenge of the program is to respond to the continuous construction of alternatives that allow students to appropriate the necessary skills to achieve academic success. Taking into account the results, it can be seen that the Tutoring Program is recommended by 98% of the tutors, because it is favorable to the university affiliation processes. The novelty of the program is that it is carried out by advanced students, who after a selection and training process carry out the orientation task.
ABSTRACT
Aims: This study was designed to assess the potential for acute dermal irritation of natural veterinary medicine Minyak Rajas (produce by SonggolangitPersadaLimited Company, Bali, Indonesia) in albino rabbits. It is a rather thick liquid which contains various medicinal herbal extracts, formulated with effective microorganism technology. This medicine is effective in the treatment of skin infections and inflammation, wounds, intestinal worms and digestive disorder. Additionally, it works for game fowl muscle strengthening.Place and Duration of Study:This study was conducted at the Veterinary Pharmacy and Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, between April 2020 and May 2020.Methodology:Experimental animals used were three male albino rabbits (Oryctolaguscuniculus) in healthy conditions and weighing of >2 Kg. Test procedures followed the guidelines of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, and chemicals used were applied in a single dose of 0.5 ml on animal skins, with untreated skin as a control.Results:Very slight erythema was found after the Minyak Rajas application and the lesion was about 48 hours.Overall, no severe erythema, edema or other skin lesions were observed. According to the AmandedDraize system, the Primary Irritation Indexes of 0.16 is categorized as non-irritating.Conclusion:We conclude that the natural veterinary medicine of MinyakRajasis safe to be used
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Chinese medicine resources are national strategic resources, which not only make important contributions to human health, but also provide an important material basis for disease prevention and control of livestock and poultry. With the promulgation and implementation of the policy of banning antibiotics in livestock and poultry feeding products, the development of feeding products that can effectively replace antibiotics has become a research hotspot in the animal husbandry industry. Feeding products with traditional Chinese medicine based on natural plant resources have been recognized as an important direction to realize the replacement of antibiotics in feeding products. In the process of production and industrialization of Chinese medicinal materials, a large number of non-medicinal parts and by-products have not been effectively utilized, which not only causes huge waste of resources, but also exacerbates the pressure of ecological environment. However, modern research has found that most of these unused wastes and by-products are rich in feedable resources with anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, digestive-promoting and nutritional functions. In addition, these wastes and by-products exhibit the resource characteristics such as huge reserves and low production costs, and are urgently needed to be disposed. Accordingly, this paper puts forward that non-medicinal parts and by-products produced in the production and industrialization of Chinese medicinal materials are the important raw materials for the development of antibiotic alternative feeding products. Then, the feasibility of this proposal was analyzed, the existing research practices were summarized, and some suggestions for industrial development were proposed, with view to providing support for the improvement of the utilization efficiency and green development of Chinese medicine resources industry, and providing an effective alternative to feeding antibiotics.
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ABSTRACT: Groups of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are currently frequent inhabitants of urban areas. The species participates in the transmission cycle of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), a zoonosis that is caused by the bacteria R. rickettsii and transmitted by vector ticks. This has led to discussions on strategies to decrease the presence of this rodent through contraceptive methods and euthanasia, thus reducing their capacity to carry and transport ticks, which would be an important contribution to public health. Two condominiums and one business establishment in the interior of the state of São Paulo were used as case studies in the present investigation. All areas were classified by the Endemic Control Superintendence as risk areas for the transmission of BSF and presented the specie of ticks A. sculptum and A. dubitatum The objective of this study was to carry out sterilization procedures with animals that presented seropositive results for BSF. A total of 85 surgical procedures were conducted on immune capybaras, with authorization from DeFau/SMA-SP. For all procedures the animals were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride combined with xylazine and morphine. Two alpha males isolated themselves from the group after the vasectomy procedure, returning to their hierarchical position after 5 to 14 days. Population monitoring in the areas should be maintained indefinitely and conducting annual serological management until the natural death of these individuals. Tubal ligation, vasectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy were demonstrated to be simple and low-risk procedures in capybaras. These techniques assist in the population control of this species in enclosed areas with risk of BSF transmission, thus decreasing the need for euthanasia.
RESUMO: Grupos de capivaras (H. hydrochaeris) são atualmente habitantes frequentes de áreas urbanas. A espécie participa do ciclo de transmissão da febre maculosa brasileira (FMB), uma zoonose causada pela bactéria R. rickettsii e transmitida por carrapatos vetoriais. Isso levou a discussões sobre estratégias para diminuir a presença desse roedor por meio de métodos contraceptivos e eutanásia, reduzindo sua capacidade de carrear e transportar carrapatos, o que seria uma importante contribuição para a saúde pública. Dois condomínios e um estabelecimento comercial no interior de São Paulo foram utilizados como estudos de caso na presente investigação. Todas as áreas foram classificadas pela Superintendência de Controle Endêmico como áreas de risco para a transmissão da FMB e apresentaram a espécie do carrapato A. sculptum e A. dubitatum. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar procedimentos de esterilização com animais que apresentaram resultados soropositivos para a FMB. Foram realizados 85 procedimentos cirúrgicos em capivaras imunes, com autorização do DeFau / SMA-SP. Para todos os procedimentos, os animais foram anestesiados com cloridrato de cetamina combinado com xilazina e morfina. Dois machos alfa se isolaram do grupo após o procedimento de vasectomia, retornando à sua posição hierárquica após 5 a 14 dias. O monitoramento populacional nas áreas deve ser mantido indefinidamente e conduzindo-se o manejo sorológico anual até a morte natural desses indivíduos. Foi possível demonstrar que a ligação tubária, vasectomia e salpingo-ooforectomia são procedimentos de baixo risco em capivaras. Essas técnicas auxiliam no controle populacional desta espécie em áreas fechadas e com risco de transmissão de FMB, diminuindo a necessidade de eutanásia.
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The field of genomics has been revolutionized by next generation sequencing. NGS technology is likely to play an important role in the field of veterinary medicine and animal husbandry. The feasibility of sequencing genomes at a much faster rate and with greater precision has been made possible with the advent of newer methods. In the current review, we describe the various sequencing methods available and also discuss select areas of biology where application of next generation sequencing would open a whole new avenue in veterinary research
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Atualmente, o uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos tem contribuído para o aparecimento de microrganismos resistentes, pois, os mesmos ao entrarem em contato com o princípio ativo dessas drogas de forma indevida, desenvolvem características fisiológicas e genéticas tais como a mutação de seu DNA, podendo passar esses genes de resistência à sua descendência por meio de replicação ou por conjugação de plasmídeos, fazendo com que se reduzam as opções de tratamentos efetivos para as infecções bacterianas, aumentando assim as complicações clínicas de pacientes, sejam eles o homem ou os animais de companhia e/ou produção. Recentemente o nosso grupo de pesquisa realizou um estudo com proprietários de cães do curso de Medicina Veterinária e resultados prévios demonstraram alto perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos da classe das penicilinas, sendo a amoxicilina o antimicrobiano que apresentou menor eficácia, dentre os antimicrobianos testados para aquela classe. Um dos principais fatores relacionados ao aparecimento de resistência está relacionado ao seu uso excessivo e segundo avaliação prévia dos questionários dos tutores verificou-se um predomínio do uso desse antimicrobiano, tanto pelos tutores quanto para tratamento dos animais. Além disso, a falta de informação dos pacientes e o comportamento dos mesmos em relação aos seus animais de companhia levam-os a utilizarem doses insuficientes dos antimicrobianos quando os mesmos suspendem seu uso quando o animal apresenta melhora clínica. Cabe salientar ainda, a existência de resistência intrínseca do micro-organismo à antimicrobianos específicos, demonstrando a necessidade do isolamento e identificação do micro-organismo e realização da antibiograma para escolha mais adequada do antimicrobiano a ser prescrito. Conclui-se que os proprietários de cães podem compartilhar do mesmo perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos que seus cães, demonstrando a necessidade da orientação dos mesmos para se reduzir o índice de resistência aos antimicrobianos.(AU)
The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in recent times has contributed to the emergence of resistant microorganisms by improperly coming into contact with the active principle of such drugs and developing physiological and genetic characteristics such as DNA mutation. These resistant genes can be passed along to their offspring by replication or plasmid conjugation, reducing the options of effective treatments for bacterial infections, thus increasing the clinical complications of patients, whether humans or pets and/or livestock. Recently, the authors held a study with dog owners from the Veterinary Medicine course and the initial results showed a high profile of resistance to antimicrobials belonging to the penicillin class, with amoxicillin being the least effective antimicrobial among the ones tested for the class. One of the main factors related to the appearance of resistance is related to its excessive use, and according to previous assessment of the tutors' questionnaires, there was a predominance of the use of this antimicrobial both by the tutors and for the treatment of their animals. In addition, the patients' lack of information and their behavior regarding their pets lead them to use insufficient doses of antimicrobials, since they discontinued its use when the animal presented signs of clinical improvement. It is also important to note the existence of microorganism intrinsic resistance to specific antimicrobials, demonstrating the necessity of isolation and identification of the microorganism, as well as carrying out an antibiogram for the most appropriate choice of antimicrobial to be prescribed. It can be concluded that dog owners can share the same antimicrobial resistance profile as their dogs, demonstrating the need for guidance in order to reduce the antimicrobial resistance index.(AU)
Actualmente, el uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos ha contribuido a la aparición de microorganismos resistentes, ya que entran en contacto de manera inadecuada con el principio activo de estos fármacos, desarrollan características fisiológicas y genéticas como la mutación de su ADN, pudiendo transmitir esos genes de resistencia a su descendencia por replicación o conjugación de plásmidos, haciendo con que reduzcan las opciones de tratamientos efectivos para las infecciones bacterianas, aumentando así las complicaciones clínicas de los pacientes, sean humanos o mascotas y/o producción. Recientemente, nuestro grupo de investigación realizó un estudio con dueños de perros del curso de Medicina Veterinaria y los resultados anteriores mostraron un alto perfil de resistencia a los antimicrobianos de la clase de las penicilinas, siendo la amoxicilina el antimicrobiano menos efectivo entre los antimicrobianos probados para esa clase. Uno de los principales factores relacionados con la aparición de resistencia está relacionado a su uso excesivo y, según la evaluación previa de los cuestionarios de los tutores se verificó un predominio del uso de ese antimicrobiano, tanto por parte de los tutores como para el tratamiento de los animales. Además, la falta de información de los pacientes y el comportamiento de los mismos con respecto a sus mascotas los llevan a usar dosis insuficientes de antimicrobianos cuando el animal muestra una mejoría clínica. Todavía cabe mencionar la existencia de resistencia intrínseca del microorganismo a antimicrobianos específicos, lo que demuestra la necesidad de aislamiento e identificación del microorganismo y la realización de antibiograma para la elección más adecuada de antimicrobianos a recetar. Se puede concluir que los dueños de perros pueden compartir del mismo perfil de resistencia a los antimicrobianos que sus perros, lo que demuestra la necesidad de su orientación para reducir el índice de resistencia a los antimicrobianos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs/microbiology , Amoxicillin , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesisABSTRACT
As brucellosis have several non-specific clinical phases, the search for reliable diagnosis of the disease is necessary. Therefore, for serological determination of brucellosis, rapid immunofiltration tests designated as ERIFA and NERIFA and ELISAs were developed and evaluated for diagnostic purposes. The sera were collected from Clinical Microbiology Department of Kars State Hospital between 2007 and 2009. These sera were used for determination of sensitivity of ELISAs, ERIFA and NERIFA in comparison to rose bengal test, Brucellacapt and serum agglutination tests. In the study, highest sensitivity was detected by ELISA, ERIFA and NERIFA, respectively. Specificity was highest with ELISA as 95.2% and with both ERIFA and NERIFA as 92.9% and the lowest was with RBT as 90.5%. When two ELISAs were compared based on the IgG sensitivity, there was no difference (p0.05) when IgM was accepted as a criteria for comparison. The current study reports the first evaluation of ERIFA and NERIFA in human beings. It is concluded that the RIFA models can be accepted as an ancillary test for diagnosis of human brucellosis in endemic countries.
ABSTRACT
As brucellosis have several non-specific clinical phases, the search for reliable diagnosis of the disease is necessary. Therefore, for serological determination of brucellosis, rapid immunofiltration tests designated as ERIFA and NERIFA and ELISAs were developed and evaluated for diagnostic purposes. The sera were collected from Clinical Microbiology Department of Kars State Hospital between 2007 and 2009. These sera were used for determination of sensitivity of ELISAs, ERIFA and NERIFA in comparison to rose bengal test, Brucellacapt and serum agglutination tests. In the study, highest sensitivity was detected by ELISA, ERIFA and NERIFA, respectively. Specificity was highest with ELISA as 95.2% and with both ERIFA and NERIFA as 92.9% and the lowest was with RBT as 90.5%. When two ELISAs were compared based on the IgG sensitivity, there was no difference (p0.05) when IgM was accepted as a criteria for comparison. The current study reports the first evaluation of ERIFA and NERIFA in human beings. It is concluded that the RIFA models can be accepted as an ancillary test for diagnosis of human brucellosis in endemic countries.
ABSTRACT
A bioimpressão é considerada uma fonte promissora no desenvolvimento celular, e na produção de mini-órgãos, válulas, cartilagens que futuramente poderão ser utilizados na terapia para transplantes em animais e humanos. Assim, essa técnica poderá ser utilizada como uma terapia eletiva, no tratamento de injúrias e principalmente no tratamento de doenças crônico-degenerativas. Em humanos essa terapia está sendo pesquisada a fim de auxiliar a medicina no tratamento e regeneração de tecidos impressos a partir de arcabouços de células desenvolvidas a partir de células-tronco, biomateriais e impressões em 3D. O uso dessa tecnologia é também um auxiliar nas pesquisas oncológicas com o intuito de projetar e avaliar a proliferação celular de tumores, bem como a ação de novos medicamentos quimioterápicos. No entanto, a maior limitação para o uso da terapia utilizando-se a impressora de células, órgãos e tecidos em 3D é a falta de protocolos unificados com metodologias reprodutíveis e detalhadas; com o objetivo de viabilizar a utilização da impressora e a impressão de células, órgãos e tecidos em 3D. Dessa forma, esta revisão busca reunir as publicações mais atuais na área, as quais destacam os avanços no uso de bioimpressão com células-tronco, a fim de descrever as principais técnicas e os potenciais de utilização como alternativa terapêutica na medicina humana e veterinária.(AU)
The bioprinting is considered a promising source in cell development, and production of mini-organs, valves, cartilage that may eventually be used in therapy for transplantation in animals and humans. It can also be used as an elective therapy in the treatment of injuries and treatment of chronic degenerative diseases. In humans, this therapy is been studied mainly in the treatment and regeneration of tissues printed from scaffold cells developed from stem cells, biomaterials and impressions in 3D. This technology is also an aid for the study of the formation of tumors, in order to design and evaluate the cellular proliferation of the tumors and the action of new chemotherapy drugs. However, the main drawback to this therapy is the lack of standardized protocols with reproducible and detailed methodologies with the aim of enabling the use of bioprinting and printing cells, tissues and organs in 3D. Thus, this review seeks to bring together the most current publications of the bioprinting area in order to describe the technique and its potential use as a therapeutic alternative.(AU)